Question

Краткая история Северной Ирландии на английском языке?

Answer 1

We can not give details of a long and eventful history of Ireland. Archaeological evidence suggests short-term occupation of the country by the Romans, which took place about two thousand years ago. English in Irish history appear in the time of King Henry II, who in 1171 landed near Waterford with four thousand people and blessing of Pope Adrian IV. Nekolko weeks through all Irish bishops acknowledged the primacy of the Pope, and the majority of Celtic kings - the power of the English king.
As time passes, the historical arena there is a new feudal Ireland, tailored to the Anglo-Norman model - with numerous castles, manors, stone cities, monasteries and Francophone knightly caste, which, according to one historian, "... significantly different from the hunted animal husbandry indigenous Celtic clans. " In the XVII century Ulster became the main place of "resettlement" of Protestant immigrants from England and Scotland, which, by definition, meant the confiscation of land. Colonization of Ulster was initiated by King James I in 1607 after a failed "Gunpowder Plot" in 1605, which accused the Catholics, which in turn led to the emergence of the hated laws against papists and nonconformists.
One of the most known colonies became Derry, Londonderry renamed because it was "taken into care" "liveried companies' London (these charities and professional associations had their origin from the medieval craft guilds and trade and had considerable power and wealth). In order to attract new settlers to the colony from the upper strata of the Protestant society that could the rights of indigenous Catholics "livery companies" engaged in furnishing the key areas of the city - from the town hall and the cathedral to premium residential and administrative buildings.
It is clear that the causes of many painful and laborious problems of modern Ireland lie in the so-called period of "colonization". In 1791, a group of radical reformers, inspired by the French Revolution and dream of the independence of Ireland, founded the Society of United Irishmen. The French government has sent to the rescue of thirty-five ships that were supposed to go to Bantry Bay, but bad weather prevented the implementation of the plan.
The independence movement was suppressed after a failed uprising in 1798, which led to the emergence in 1801 of the Act of Union, including Ireland in the United Kingdom. The most annoying thing was the fact that the then British Prime Minister William Pitt promised Catholics various political concessions, in order to persuade them to sign the Act. But in the end, King George III refused to sanction them, saying that if he does it, it will break this in the coronation oath to defend the Protestant faith. In protest, Pitt resigned.