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Australia (English. Australia, IPA: [əˈstreɪljə], from lat. Australis, meaning "South"), officially the Commonwealth of Australia (Engl. Commonwealth of Australia[4], IPA: [ˈkɒm.ənˌwɛlθ əˈstreɪljə əv]) is a country in the southern hemisphere, occupying mainland Australia, Tasmania island and several other Islands of the Indian and Pacific oceans[* 1]; is the sixth state by area in the world. To the North of Australia are East Timor, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, North-East — Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Solomon Islands, to the South-East is New Zealand. The shortest distance between the main island of Papua New Guinea and mainland Australia is only 145 km[6], and the distance from Boigu Australian Islands to Papua New Guinea is just 5 kilometres away. The population on October 12, 2015 is 24 049 776 people, most of whom live in cities on the East coast[7].
Australia is one of the developed countries, being the thirteenth largest economy in the world, and is sixth in the world by GDP per capita. Military expenditures of Australia is the twelfth largest in the world. With the second largest index of human development, Australia ranks highly in many areas, such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, protection of civil liberties and political rights[8]. Australia is a member of the G20, OECD, WTO, APEC, UN, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS and Pacific Islands Forum.
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