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London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They found a small Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and by A. D. 300 they had turned it into a sizeable port and an important trading centre with a wall which enclosed the homes of about 50,000 people.
One in seven of the population of the United Kingdom is a Londoner. About 7 million people live in Greater London. London dominates British life. It is the home of the nation's commerce and finance, the main centre of its legal system and the press. It has the largest university and the greatest possibilities for entertainment and for sport in the country. London is one of the famous capital cities of the world, and every year attracts crowds of visitors from home and abroad. They come to explore its historic buildings, to see its museums and galleries, its streets and parks, and its people.
The built-up area of Greater London stretches 50 kilometres from east to west and many of its districts are linked with particular activities, for example, parliamentary and government activity centres on Parliament Square of Westminster and Whitehall. Just as "Westminster" stands for Parliament so "Whitehall" is often used as the name for central Government.
Off Whitehall in a small side-street Downing Street — is a quiet, unimpressive house — No. 10 — the official home of Prime Minister.
Just as Wall Street in New York is the centre of commerce and finance so the City of London, sometimes called "the square mile" is the centre for money matters. Here in Threadneedle Street is the Bank of England — sometimes called "The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street" — the central banking institution whose pound notes form the main currency in the country. Fleet Street near St. Paul's Cathedral used to be a busy street full of foreign, provincial and London newspaper offices such as The Daily Express, The Daily Telegraph.
Though most of the British national newspaper offices have moved to Wapping, an area in East London, the name of Fleet Street is still used to describe the newspaper industry.
In South Kensington there are several large museums. The Victoria and Albert Museum with a magnificent collection of fine and applied arts also includes a wide-ranging display of ceramics, metalwork and a selection of Constable's masterpieces which are well worth seeing. The Natural History Museum contains plants, animals and minerals. The Hall of Human Biology enables visitors to learn about their bodies and the way they work. Exhibits in the Science Museum display the discovery and development of such inventions as the steam engine, photography, glass-making, printing and atomic physics. There is a gallery where children can experiment with working models. The Museum of London in the City presents the biography of London, from the founding of London by Romans to the Greater London of today. Within a sguare kilometre or so in London's theatre-land are over thirty theatres, showing a large range of old and modem plays. Smaller "fringe" theatres perform in clubs, pubs and at lunch time.
London is full of parks and green spaces. Hyde Park, originally a royal hunting forest, is the largest park in London. In summer the Serpentine canal which flows through the park is always full of swimmers, rowers and sunbathers. Just south of the Serpentine is. Rotten Row, a fashionable spot for horse-riding, and in one corner, near Marble Arch is Speakers' Comer;where everyone can go and air their views to anyone who will listen. Beyond Hyde Park lies another royal park, Kensington Gardens. Children gather by the statue of Peter Pan, James Barrie's well-known storybook character, or sail their model boats on the Round Pond. In the north of London is Regent's Park with a zoo and an open-air theatre. A trip along Regent's Canal in a riverboat gives a chance to see London Little Venice, a quiet countryside area for rich people only as the land here is very expensive.
Like many capital cities, London grew up along a major river. The Thames divides London sharply in two. Most of central London is on the north bank of the river. The Thames at London is tidal and there have been several serious floods. The risk of this is increasing as southern England is sinking in relation to sea level. Threat of disaster, however, has been lessened by the construction of a flood barrier.
It is always interesting for tourists to take a trip along the Thames in a boat as it gives a striking panorama of London. The best way to see the city quickly is from the top of London red double-decker buses. Special tourist buses go on two-hour circular tours. The other quick and easy way of getting around London is by "tube" — the Underground railway. During the "rash hours", when office workers hurry to and from work, the tube train doors can hardly close behind the crushed crowds.
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London is an ancient city. The Roman invaders found a small Celtic settlement on the Thames then known as Londinium and soon they had turned it into a large port and an important trading centre.
About 7 million people live in London now. London is one of the famous capital cities of the world, and every year attracts crowds of visitors from home and abroad.
In Downing Street, there is a quiet house No. 10 — the official home of Prime Minister.
The City of London is the centre for money matters. Here is the Bank of England — sometimes called "The Old Lady". Fleet Street near St. Paul's Cathedral used to be a busy street full of foreign, provincial and London newspaper offices such as The Daily Express, The Daily Telegraph...
There are several large museums in the capital such as The Museum of London, the Victoria and Albert Museum, The Natural History Museum which contains plants, animals and minerals. The Science Museum where there is a gallery where children can experiment with working models.
London is full of parks and green spaces. Hyde Park, originally a royal hunting forest, is the largest park in London with a fashionable spot for horse-riding, and in one corner, near Marble Arch is Speakers' Corner; where everyone can discuss their views to anyone who will listen. Beyond Hyde Park lies another royal park, Kensington Gardens. Children gather by the statue of Peter Pan there. In Regent's Park, one can visit a zoo and an open-air theatre. Like many capital cities, London grew up along its major river. The Thames divides London sharply in two. Most of central London is on the north bank of the river. It is always interesting for tourists to take a trip along the Thames in a boat as it gives a striking panorama of London. The best way to see the city quickly is from the top of London red double-decker buses. The other quick and easy way of getting around London is by "tube" — the Underground railway.
Лондон - древний город. Римские захватчики нашли небольшое кельтское поселение на Темзе, известное тогда как Лондиниум, и вскоре превратили его в Большой порт и важный торговый центр.
Сейчас в Лондоне проживает около 7 миллионов человек. Лондон является одной из известных столиц мира, и ежегодно привлекает толпы гостей из страны и из-за рубежа.
На Даунинг-стрит находится Тихий дом № 10-официальная резиденция премьер-министра. (Сейчас - Терезы Мэй)
Лондонский Сити - Финансовый Центр столицы. Здесь находится Банк Англии - иногда его называют "старушкой". Флит-стрит рядом с Собором Святого Павла раньше была оживленной улицей, полной иностранных, провинциальных и лондонских газетных офисов, таких как The Daily Express, The Daily Telegraph...
В столице есть несколько крупных музеев, таких как Музей Лондона, Музей Виктории и Альберта, Музей Естественной истории, который содержит растения, животных и минералы. Музей Науки, где есть галерея, где дети могут экспериментировать с рабочими моделями.
Лондон полон парков и зеленых зон. Гайд-парк, первоначально королевский охотничий лес, является самым большим парком в Лондоне с модным местом для верховой езды, а в одном углу, рядом с мраморной аркой, находится уголок ораторов, где каждый может обсудить свои взгляды с любым, кто будет слушать. За Гайд-парком находится еще один королевский парк, Кенсингтонский сад. Дети там часто собираются у статуи Питера Пэна. В Риджентс-парке можно посетить зоопарк и театр под открытым небом.
Как и многие столицы, Лондон вырос вдоль своей главной реки. Темза делит Лондон надвое. Большая часть центрального Лондона находится на северном берегу реки. Туристам всегда интересно совершить путешествие по Темзе на лодке, так как отсюда открывается поразительная панорама Лондона. Лучший способ увидеть город быстро - из верхней части Лондонского красного двухэтажного автобуса. Другой быстрый и простой способ передвижения по Лондону — метро.