Question

London

London, the capital of the UK, was founded in AD 43 by the Roman invaders as a settlement and
a fortress. At first it had the name of Londinium. Due to its convenient position in the mouth of

the river Thames the settlement grew and developed into a city. In the 11th century London
became the capital of England. For centuries it was a prominent port through which wealth and
prosperity came to the country. Being an important trade and political centre, the city enjoyed
greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England and even had the right to
elect the head of the city, Lord Mayor. The picturesque ceremony of the elections of Lord Mayor
of London is still held every year and attracts thousands of tourists. The city was built rather
chaotically, the streets being narrow and dirty. It grew and developed together with the
developing of the nation. In 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed the most part of the city,
which was rebuilt, but the old planning remained untouched. Historically and geographically
London can be divided into three parts: the City, the West End and the East End. The City is the
financial centre of the country, with offices of large firms and banks and the Stock Exchange.
The West End has always been considered a place where aristocrats lived. There is a great
number of sights and attractions: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St Paul’s
Cathedral, the Nelson Column, to mention just a few of them. London’s beautiful parks are also
there: Hyde Park, St. James’ Park, Regent’s Park are favourite places for Londoners to visit and
relax. One may also go shopping in the West End — Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street both
present a wide choice of expensive shops and boutiques. The East End was previously
considered the place where not well- to-do people lived. The identity of the East End as a place
of deprivation and poverty persisted until well after the Second World War, becoming overlaid
with certain gangster glamour in the 1960s. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, London
east of the City is still seen as having a different character, claiming a certain independence of
look from the
rest of metropolis; but its cultural status has been transformed. Parts of the East End are believed
to house the highest population of artists in Europe, and the East End is now considered a
bohemian district. The ugly docks, which for years disguised the face of the East End, are now
closed, and new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built. Now London extends
much more than the City, the West End and the East End. Its suburbs grow rapidly. London and
its suburbs are called Greater London. As well as it is impossible to say that Moscow is a typical
Russian city, nobody can call London a typical British one. In fact, it has become a multinational
metropolis, being inhabited by people from all over the world. It is always busy and crowded. It
certainly has its own face — millions of faces. Maybe, this is the reason why people say: “When
a man is tired of London, he is tired of life.”


Ex4Exercise 4. Prove that :
• London is an old city;
• London has always been playing an important role in the life of the country;
• London enjoyed greater independence than the other cities in England;
• the planning of London is chaotic;
• there are a lot of tourist attractions in the West End;
• the East End has always been different from the rest of metropolis;
• London grows rapidly;
• London is a multinational metropolis.​

Answer 1

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