Question

Переделать предложения с прямой речью в косвенную.
1. The girl said: "I learned French at school" 2. The girl said to her friend: "I liked the town" 3. Mary said: "I was there with my parents" 4.The teacher: "I have already explained this law in my class last week." " 5.Mrs Brown: "My little daughter fell ill two days ago." " 6.Robert: "Have you heard the news yet?" " 7. Helen: "Where has Bobby gone?" 8. Betty: "What did you do yesterday?" 9. David: "Why did you go there last night?" 10 Mother: "How many times has John been to Australia?"​

Answer 1

Переделать предложения с прямой речью в косвенную.

1. The girl said: "I learned French at school" 2. The girl said to her friend: "I liked the town" 3. Mary said: "I was there with my parents" 4.The teacher: "I have already explained this law in my class last week." " 5. Mrs Brown: "My little daughter fell ill two days ago." " 6.Robert: "Have you heard the news yet?" " 7. Helen: "Where has Bobby gone?" 8. Betty: "What did you do yesterday?" 9. David: "Why did you go there last night?" 10 Mother: "How many times has John been to Australia?"​

Ответ:

1. The girl said that she had learnt French at school.

2. The girl said to her friend that she (had) liked the town.

3. Mary said that she had been there with her parents.

4. The teacher said that he/she had already explained that law in his/her class the previous week.

5. Mrs Brown said that his little daughter fell/had fallen ill two days before.

6. Robert wanted to know if they had already heard the news.

7. Helen wondered where Bobby had gone.

8. Betty wondered what they had done the day before.

9. David wanted to know why they had gone there the previoust night.

10 (The) mother wanted to know how many times John had been to Australia.​

Объяснение:

При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временная форма сдвигается на шаг в прошлое, кроме следующих случаев:

Если слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени. He will say that he has been there before. Он скажет, что уже был здесь.

Действие в  Past Perfect (Continuous) или в Future-in-the-Past.

Обстоятельства времени не изменились. He said that he bought it yesterday. Он сказал, что купил это вчера.

Утверждение всегда верно. The teacher said that water boils at 100 C. Учитель сказал, что вода кипит при ста градусах.

Утверждение верно длительный период времени или в текущем отрезке времени. She said that she loves you. Она сказала, что любит тебя.

Сообщение повторяется сразу же. He said that the food is delicious. Он сказал, что еда изыскана.

В условных предложениях 2 типа. He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do that. Он сказал, что на твоём месте он не стал бы этого делать.

Желаемые события. She said she wished she were younger. Она пожалела о том, что она не моложе.

Глагол ought to. He said they ought to be careful. Он сказал, что им следует быть осторожней.

Глагол must в значении «должно быть». He said that they must be at home. Он сказал, что они должно быть дома.

Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether. Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home. С глаголом-связкой порядок может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.

При сдвиге временной формы глагола в прошлое, в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:

this – that, these – those, here – there, now  - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow  - (on) the next (following) day, last night – the previous night, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he  - that man, we - they.

Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know, wondered:

He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.

He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they were going.

Кроме слова said используются глаголы, выражающие характер прямой речи: agree + to-inf,

demand, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, claim, advise + sb + to-inf, allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid, instruct, invite sb, order, permit, remind, urge, warn, want, accuse sb of + -ing form, apologise for, admit (to), boast about, complain to sb about, deny, insist on, suggest, agree + that-clause, boast, claim, complain, exclaim, explain, inform sb, promise, suggest, explain to sb + how.