Question

Air Pollution Questions What's air pollution? What are the main sources of air pollution? • What should we do to reduce air pollution? ● Is carpooling a way to reduce air pollution? • What are the main effects of air pollution? ● How can we control air pollution? How might air pollution affect people? Tell about air pollution in Kazakhstan and tell what cities in affected by air pollution. ● ● ● ● ●​ 100балов

Answer 1

1. Air pollution is the presence of substances in the air that are harmful or irritating to humans or other living organisms, or that interfere with the normal functioning of the environment. These substances can include particulate matter, gases, and other chemical compounds.
2. The main sources of air pollution include industrial and power-generating facilities, transportation (such as cars, trucks, and airplanes), and household activities (such as burning wood or gas). Agriculture and waste management practices can also contribute to air pollution.
3. To reduce air pollution, individuals can adopt environmentally-friendly practices such as using public transportation or carpooling, reducing energy consumption at home, properly disposing of waste, and using low-emitting products. Governments and businesses can also implement regulations and policies to reduce air pollution, such as setting emissions standards for vehicles and industrial facilities, and promoting the use of clean energy sources.
4. Yes, carpooling is a way to reduce air pollution because it reduces the number of cars on the road, which in turn reduces the amount of emissions released into the air.
5. The main effects of air pollution include respiratory and cardiovascular health problems, as well as damage to crops, forests, and bodies of water. Air pollution can also have impacts on the climate and contribute to global warming.
6. Air pollution can be controlled through the implementation of regulations and policies, as well as through individual actions and the use of technology. For example, the use of air filters and scrubbers can help to remove pollutants from the air, and the development and use of clean energy sources can help to reduce emissions.
7. Air pollution can affect people's health by causing respiratory and cardiovascular problems, such as asthma, bronchitis, and heart disease. It can also lead to other health issues, such as cancer and neurological disorders.
8. There is high risk of acute adverse effects risk from suspended particles, oxides and dioxides of nitrogen and sulfur in almost all of the studied cities. The most unfavorable situation is in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Also, there is the adverse chronic effects risk caused by suspended particles exposure in majority of the studied cities. Extremely high chronic effects risk as a result of heavy metals exposure was detected in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shymkent, Almaty, Taraz and Balkhash. Unacceptable carcinogenic risk levels have been determined for professional groups and the whole population with respect to cadmium in Shymkent, Almaty, Balkhash; arsenic in Shymkent, Almaty, Balkhash; lead in Taraz; chromium – in Shymkent, Aktobe, Almaty and Balkhash. Thus, the values of the hazard quotients and indices for acute and chronic exposure in most of the studied cities of Kazakhstan exceed the permissible level equal to 1.0.