Ответы
1)The functions of the urinary system are to remove waste products from the body, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, regulate blood pressure, and produce hormones.
2)The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
3)The kidney consists of two main parts: the renal cortex and the renal medulla.
4)The afferent arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus for filtration, while the efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus.
5)Pyramids and calyces are structures in the kidney that are involved in urine production and transport. The pyramids contain the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney, and the calyces collect urine from the pyramids and transport it to the renal pelvis.
6)The unit of the kidney is the nephron, which consists of a glomerulus and a tubule.
7)The process of filtration and formation of urine takes place in the nephrons, specifically in the glomerulus and the tubules.
8)The characteristics of urine include color, odor, pH, and specific gravity.
9)Normal urine is clear and pale yellow, has a slightly acidic pH, and contains waste products such as urea and creatinine. Abnormal urine may be cloudy, discolored, have a strong odor, and may contain blood, protein, or glucose.
10)Disorders of the urinary system include urinary tract infections, kidney stones, renal failure, and bladder cancer.