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Buildings above the clouds Big buildings are nothing new. The ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids. The Italians built tall towers in the Middle Ages. The French built huge cathedrals. However, it was difficult to build very tall buildings because the bricks were not strong enough. Then, in 1852, Elisha Otis invented the elevator and in the 1880s engineers developed a new building technique using steel. It was now possible to build tall buildings with strong steel without worrying how to get to the top. In big cities such as Chicago and New York that needed living space for families, and offices for businesses, skyscrapers were the perfect solution. Some very brave men worked on these buildings as it was a dangerous job. Imagine walking along narrow beams hundreds of feet above the ground! For this reason, Mohawk Indians from Canada and ex-sailors did most of the work as they were not scared of heights. In fact, the word 'skyscraper' comes from the name sailors gave to the tallest mast on a ship. In 1885, the world's first skyscraper, a ten-storey office building, opened in Chicago. Between 1930 and 1931, the Empire State Building grew almost one floor higher every day. The 3,400 men who worked on it finished it in 14 months. These days, skyscrapers decorate every city skyline, and each year taller and taller buildings appear all over the world. At present, the world's tallest building is the Burj Khalifa, in the United Arab Emirates. With over 1,200 stores, this building is a city in itself. Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, also has its share of skyscrapers. The Triumph of Astana is one of the most impressive. It was finished in 2006 and it has 39 floors, with shops, offices, apartments and a hotel. Who knows what's next. The sky is the limit! 1 foot = 30,48 cm​

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Ответ:

Tall buildings have been built throughout history, from the Pyramids to cathedrals. However, strong bricks made it difficult to build very tall structures until the elevator was invented in 1852 and engineers began using steel in the 1880s. Skyscrapers became the solution for densely populated cities like Chicago and New York. Mohawk Indians and ex-sailors were the main workers on these buildings due to their lack of fear of heights. The first skyscraper, a ten-story building, opened in Chicago in 1885. Today, skyscrapers decorate city skylines and the Burj Khalifa in the UAE is the world's tallest building. Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, also has impressive skyscrapers like the Triumph of Astana, completed in 2006 with 39 floors.

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