Question

276 Exercise 9. Answer the following questions. 1. Why is the study of cells so important in the study of the body? 2. Can you list organelles found in the cell? What are their functions? 3. What is the difference between DNA and RNA with respect to location in the cell? ENGLISH FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS 4. How does the process of cell division take place? What is its name? 5. What is mutation? 6. What are six risk factors associated with cancer? 7. What do we call the science that studies all about cells?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1. The study of cells is important in the study of the body because cells are the basic unit of life and are responsible for carrying out all of the functions necessary for the body to function properly. Understanding the structure and function of cells can help us understand how the body works and what happens when things go wrong.

2. Some organelles found in the cell include the nucleus (contains DNA and controls the cell's activities), mitochondria (produce energy for the cell), ribosomes (synthesize proteins), endoplasmic reticulum (transports materials within the cell), Golgi apparatus (modifies and packages proteins), and lysosomes (break down and recycle cellular waste).

3. DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell, while RNA can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. DNA contains the genetic information that controls the cell's activities, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

4. Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process is called mitosis, and it involves several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

5. Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can result in altered gene function or protein synthesis. Mutations can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to mutagens (agents that cause mutations).

6. Six risk factors associated with cancer include smoking, exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, obesity, a diet high in red and processed meats, lack of physical activity, and a family history of cancer.

7. The science that studies all about cells is called cell biology or cytology.

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