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Blood pressure refers to the force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels as it circulates through the body. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is composed of two numbers, the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure is the top number and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats, while the diastolic pressure is the bottom number and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
A normal blood pressure reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg, although this can vary depending on a person's age, gender, and other health factors. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is when the systolic pressure is consistently above 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic pressure is consistently above 90 mmHg. This condition can put a strain on the heart and blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and other health problems.
On the other hand, low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, is when the systolic pressure is consistently below 90 mmHg and/or the diastolic pressure is consistently below 60 mmHg. While it is not usually a serious condition, low blood pressure can cause dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms, especially when standing up suddenly.
It is important for healthcare providers, such as nurses, to monitor a patient's blood pressure regularly and take appropriate action if it is too high or too low. Patients with high blood pressure may need to make lifestyle changes and/or take medication to help control their blood pressure, while patients with low blood pressure may need to increase their fluid and salt intake or receive other treatments. In any case, nurses must be attentive to their patients' blood pressure readings and communicate any concerns to the appropriate medical professionals.