Question

XIV. Define the functions of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences:
1. The prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin was the first to advance the idea of an infectious origin of hepatitis. 2. The patient was known to have been operated on for gangrenous appendicitis a year before his admission to this hospital. 3. The physician did not expect the tissues of the spleen and gallbladder to become involved simultaneously with the liver. 4. The patient had to follow a strict diet to prevent the recurrence of the bile duct obstruction and jaundice.

Answer 1

Ответ:

The Infinitive in English is a non-finite verb form that typically functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.

1. In this sentence, the Infinitive "to advance" functions as an adverb, modifying the verb "was" and indicating the purpose or reason for S. Botkin's actions. The sentence can be translated as "Видатний російський вчений С. Боткін був першим, хто висунув ідею інфекційного походження гепатиту."

2. In this sentence, the Infinitive "to have been operated on" functions as an adjective, modifying the noun "patient" and providing additional information about the patient's medical history. The sentence can be translated as "Відомо, що пацієнта операціювали з гангренозним апендицитом рік тому, до його госпіталізації в цю лікарню."

3. In this sentence, the Infinitive "to become involved" functions as an adverb, modifying the verb "expect" and indicating the physician's expectation or prediction. The sentence can be translated as "Лікар не очікував, що тканини селезінки та жовчного міхура одночасно стануть учасниками процесу разом з печінкою."

4. In this sentence, the Infinitive "to prevent" functions as a noun, serving as the object of the verb "had" and indicating the purpose or reason for the patient's strict diet. The sentence can be translated as "Пацієнт повинен був дотримуватися строгої дієти, щоб запобігти повторенню блокування жовчеводу та жовтяниці."