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The process of domesticating animals started long ago. The first animal to be domesticated was the dog. No one knows when or where the dog was first domesticated. It's believed, however, that the process took place more than 10,000 years ago. The remains of what is thought to be an early example of a domesticated dog were found in a cave in Idaho. These remains are believed to be around 10,500 years old. So, domestication took place during humankind's earliest stage of development — the hunter-gatherer period.
All of the dogs you see today, from Chihuahuas to Great Danes, are descend¬ants of wolves. Obviously, domestication of these wild creatures required that humans select the most useful and easily trained young animals as breeding stock. As such selection continued over countless generations, dogs became adapted to many tasks.
Dogs apparently first served as guards! With their keen sense of smell and hearing, dogs made it almost impossible for strangers to approach a sleeping village by surprise. And later, humans took advantage of dogs' hunting instincts. Dogs learned to help humans procure meat and skins from wild animals.
Then, after humans domesticated herd animals such as goats, cattle, and sheep, dogs helped round these herd animals up and move them from place to place by barking and nipping at their heels. Take a look at this fresco from the wall of a sandstone grotto in the Sahara. It's probably about 5,000 years old. The herders are driving their oxen home from the field, while their "best friend" is apparently helping them.
Of course, after that, at some unknown time, dogs began to take on a new role, the role that most of them have today. They began to be valued not so much for the work they did as for the company they provided.​

Answer 1

   What was the first animal to be domesticated?

       The first animal to be domesticated was the dog.

   When is it believed that the domestication of dogs took place?

       It's believed that the domestication of dogs took place more than 10,000 years ago.

   Where were the remains of an early example of a domesticated dog found?

       The remains of an early example of a domesticated dog were found in a cave in Idaho.

   How old are the remains believed to be?

       The remains are believed to be around 10,500 years old.

   During which period of human development did domestication take place?

       Domestication took place during humankind's earliest stage of development, the hunter-gatherer period.

   What were the roles that dogs played as they were domesticated?

       Dogs first served as guards, using their keen sense of smell and hearing to protect sleeping villages. They later helped humans in hunting and later in herding herd animals like goats, cattle, and sheep.

   What did dogs do when herding animals like oxen?

       Dogs helped round up and move herd animals like oxen by barking and nipping at their heels.

   What role did dogs eventually take on in human society?

       Dogs eventually took on a new role as companions and were valued not just for the work they did but also for the company they provided to humans.