Question

XI. 1. Прочтите текст А. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения, содержащие: а) усилительный оборот; б) Present Perfect Passive. 3. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний и выучите их: органы чувств, по поводу (о) боли, многое другое, двигательный отдел коры головного мозга. 4. Составьте план текста.


Text A. The Brain

Scientists consider that our brain is the most complicated mechanism which has ever been constructed. 120 The weight of the human brain is from 1 to 2 kg (kilograms). It has a volume of about 3.21 1 (litres) and consists of about 12 billion (миллиард) cells. It has been determined by the scientists that each cell is connected to the other directly or indirectly by nerve fibers. The brain is the centre of a wide system of communication. It has been found out that a constant flow of stimuli comes into the brain through the spinal cord. The stimuli come to the brain from our eyes, ears, and other sense organs for pain, temperature, smell and other feelings. When all the received stimuli have been summarized and analysed the brain sends orders through the nerve fibers in the spinal cord to different parts of the human body. It is due to these orders that one eats, moves, hears, sees and does many other things. To estimate the functions of different areas of the brain many experiments have been carried out by the investigators. It is due to such experiments that the investigators have been able to determine those areas of the brain which control vision, hearing, physical movements and even emotions. Due to experimental studies it has been determined that the motor cortex controlling many body movements of the human being becomes tired rapi- dly. But the hypothalamus which controls such functions as blood pressure is almost never tired.​

Answer 1

А)Scientists consider that our brain is the most complicated mechanism which has ever been constructed. - Ученые считают, что наш мозг - самый сложный механизм, который когда-либо был создан.

It is due to such experiments that the investigators have been able to determine those areas of the brain which control vision, hearing, physical movements and even emotions. - Благодаря таким экспериментам исследователи смогли определить те области мозга, которые контролируют зрение, слух, физические движения и даже эмоции.

Б)It has been determined by the scientists that each cell is connected to the other directly or indirectly by nerve fibers. - Учеными было установлено, что каждая клетка связана с другой напрямую или косвенно нервными волокнами. - It has been found out that a constant flow of stimuli comes into the brain through the spinal cord. - Было выяснено, что постоянный поток раздражителей поступает в мозг через спинной мозг. - Due to experimental studies it has been determined that the motor cortex controlling many body movements of the human being becomes tired rapidly. - В результате экспериментальных исследований было определено, что двигательная кора, управляющая многими движениями тела человека, быстро устает.

3.органы чувств - sense organs

по поводу (о) боли - about (of) pain

многое другое - many other things

двигательный отдел коры головного мозга - motor cortex of the brain

4.Параграф 1: структура и состав мозга, количество и связь клеток, роль мозга в системе общения.

Параграф 2: способы поступления раздражителей в мозг, процесс анализа и реагирования на них, примеры действий, зависящих от мозга.

Параграф 3: методы исследования функций разных областей мозга, примеры областей, отвечающих за разные сферы деятельности и эмоции, факт утомляемости мозга.

Заключение: подведение итогов, выводы, перспективы дальнейшего изучения мозга.