Exercise 5. Answer the following questions. 1. What does the term respiration mean? .2 What do the respiratory organs consist of? 3. What is each of them characterized by? 4. What processes does the physiology of respiration include? 5. What regulates respiration? 6. Where are the lungs located?
Ответы
1. The term respiration refers to the process of breathing, which involves the exchange of gases, typically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between an organism and its environment.
2. The respiratory organs consist of the lungs and the respiratory tract, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
3. Each respiratory organ is characterized by specific functions in the respiratory process. For example, the nose and mouth are involved in the inhalation of air, while the lungs are responsible for the actual gas exchange.
4. The physiology of respiration includes processes such as ventilation (breathing), external respiration (exchange of gases between lungs and blood), internal respiration (exchange of gases between blood and tissues), and cellular respiration (utilization of oxygen by cells to produce energy).
5. Respiration is regulated by the respiratory center in the brain, which monitors and adjusts the rate and depth of breathing based on factors like oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
6. The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, protected by the rib cage. They are situated on either side of the heart and are essential for the exchange of gases during respiration.