Task 4. Transcribe the words / combinations below the way you wouldpronounce them in a formal speech and in an everyday situation (rapid colloquial speech). Which of the given items may be called discourse-sensitive, situation-sensitive and situation-indifferent? Provide your own illustrations ofElision-changed forms and analyze the nature of change
Example: the word sounds would rather be pronounced as [saundz] in a Formal situation, whereas in Rapid speech it would sooner be pronounced as [saunz], since the consonants [t] and [d] tend to be dropped between other consonants.Word combinations Formal situation Rapid speech
sounds
aspects
parade
perhaps
family
beverage
winter
because
about
bread and butter
tell her
last year
suspended from
cold lunch
just now
should have taken
sandwich
handsome
handbag
landscape
landlord
grandma
rock and roll
bread and butter
up and down
handkerchief,
horseshoe,
newspaper,
gooseberry
Ответы
Formal Situation:
sounds: [saundz]
aspects: [ˈæsˌpɛkts]
parade: [pəˈreɪd]
perhaps: [pərˈhæps]
family: [ˈfæm.ə.li]
beverage: [ˈbɛv.ə.rɪdʒ]
winter: [ˈwɪn.tər]
because: [bɪˈkɔz]
about: [əˈbaʊt]
bread and butter: [brɛd ənd ˈbʌtər]
tell her: [tɛl hɜr]
last year: [læst jɪr]
suspended from: [səˈspɛndɪd frəm]
cold lunch: [koʊld lʌntʃ]
just now: [dʒʌst naʊ]
should have taken: [ʃʊd hæv ˈteɪkən]
sandwich: [ˈsæn.wɪtʃ]
handsome: [ˈhæn.səm]
handbag: [ˈhænd.bæɡ]
landscape: [ˈlænd.skeɪp]
landlord: [ˈlænd.lɔrd]
grandma: [ˈɡrænˌmɑ]
rock and roll: [rɑk ənd roʊl]
bread and butter: [brɛd ənd ˈbʌtər]
up and down: [ʌp ənd daʊn]
handkerchief: [ˈhæŋ.kərˌtʃɪf]
horseshoe: [ˈhɔrs.ʃu]
newspaper: [ˈnuzˌpeɪpər]
gooseberry: [ˈɡusˌbɛri]
Rapid Colloquial Speech:
sounds: [saunz]
aspects: [ˈæsˌpɛks]
parade: [pəˈreɪd]
perhaps: [pərˈhæps]
family: [ˈfæm.li]
beverage: [ˈbɛv.rɪdʒ]
winter: [ˈwɪn.tr̩]
because: [bɪˈkʌz]
about: [əˈbaʊt]
bread and butter: [brɛd ən ˈbʌr]
tell her: [tɛl ər]
last year: [læs jɪr]
suspended from: [səˈspɛndɪd frəm]
cold lunch: [koʊl lʌntʃ]
just now: [dʒʌs naʊ]
should have taken: [ʃʊd əv ˈteɪkən]
sandwich: [ˈsæn.wɪtʃ]
handsome: [ˈhæn.səm]
handbag: [ˈhænd.bæɡ]
landscape: [ˈlænd.skeɪp]
landlord: [ˈlænd.lɔrd]
grandma: [ˈɡræn.mə]
rock and roll: [rɑk n roʊl]
bread and butter: [brɛd n ˈbʌr]
up and down: [əp n daʊn]
handkerchief: [ˈhæŋ.kərˌtʃɪf]
horseshoe: [ˈhɔrs.ʃu]
newspaper: [ˈnuzˌpeɪpə]
gooseberry: [ˈɡusˌbɛri]
Discourse-Sensitive, Situation-Sensitive, Situation-Indifferent:
Discourse-Sensitive: Words or combinations that may change based on the context or discourse are "last year," "tell her," and "up and down." For example, in a formal situation, "up and down" may be pronounced as [əp ənd daʊn], while in rapid colloquial speech, it may become [əp n daʊn].
Situation-Sensitive: Words that are more likely to change pronunciation based on the situation include "cold lunch" and "just now." In rapid colloquial speech, "cold lunch" may be pronounced as [koʊl lʌntʃ], and "just now" may become [dʒʌs naʊ].
Situation-Indifferent: Words that do not exhibit significant changes in pronunciation based on formality or rapid colloquial speech include "beverage," "handkerchief," "horseshoe," "newspaper," and "gooseberry." These words maintain consistent pronunciation across different situations.
Ответ:
Formal situation Rapid speech
[soundz] [saunz]
[æspekts] [æspeks]
[pə'reɪd] [pə'reɪd]
[pə'ræps] [pə'ræps]
['fæməli] ['fæmli]
['bev(ə)rɪdʒ] ['bevrɪdʒ]
['wɪntər] ['wɪnər]
[bɪ'kəz] [bɪkəz]
[ə'baʊt] [ə'baʊt]
['bredn'bʌtər] ['brednbʌtər]
['telhər] ['telr]
[læst jɪr] [læs jɪr]
[sə'spɛndɪd frʌm] [sə'spɛndɪd frʌm]
[koʊld lʌntʃ] [koʊl lʌntʃ]
[dʒəst naʊ] [dʒəs naʊ]
[ʃʊd həv 'teɪkən] [ʃʊdəv 'teɪkən]
['sændwɪtʃ] ['sændwɪtʃ]
['hænsəm] ['hænsəm]
['hændbæg] ['hændbæg]
['lændskeɪp] ['lændskeɪp]
['lændlɔrd] ['lændlɔrd]
['grænmɑ] ['grænmɑ]
[rɑk ən roʊl] [rɑk n roʊl]
['bredn'bʌtər] ['brednbʌtər]
[ʌp ən daʊn] [ʌp n daʊn]
['hæŋkərtʃɪf], ['hæŋkrtʃ]
['hɔrsʃu], ['hɔrsu],
['nuzpepə], ['nuzpep],
['gusberi], ['gusberi].
The items may be called discourse-sensitive, situation-sensitive and situation-indifferent. The nature of change is elision, which is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word. This often occurs in rapid colloquial speech due to ease of pronunciation and fluency.