Question

Подчеркните ing- form, определите ее функцию в предложениях. 

On the other
hand, complex pedagogic cal approaches can be difficult to set up and slow to
develop, though they have the potential to provide more engaging learning
experiences for students. Somewhere between these extremes is an ideal pedagogy
that allows a particular educator to effectively create educational materials
while simultaneously providing the most engaging educational experiences for
students. Summary Marketing can be defined as identifying and meeting
consumers' wants profitably. It is not just selling, but the whole process of
researching customer needs, designing the product, promoting the product,
getting it into the hands of the consumer and ensuring that the cost of doing
all this is less than the revenue. Customer wants are identified through market
research. There are two main classifications of research: desk research and
field research. Desk research is cheaper because it uses published material,
perhaps already available in the firm, in trade magazines, in government
statistics or from some other source. However, because it has been produced for
some other purpose it may not provide the information a firm needs. Field
research can be specifically commissioned, and therefore targeted to provide
detailed information. An example of field research would be a consumer panel
testing and commenting on a trial version of a product. Maturity Time Market
research is the first stage of the product life cycle (see diagram above).
Products go through various stages from introduction to growth to maturity and
finally into decline.

The length of
time it takes a product to go through each stage varies. Some high-fashion
products are designed to go through all the stages in just one season. Other
products, for example cabbages, have been in the maturity stage for centuries. The
vast majority of ideas which firms come up with never get out of the
development stage. This is because firms have decided either that there is no
market for them or that they cannot satisfy the market profitably. The early
stages of the product life cycle are expensive: paying for research, prototypes
and machines, training workers, advertising, etc., while at the same time the
product is not generating any revenue. During the introduction stage sales will
hopefully take off, but marketing will still be expensive and production costs
will always be incurred. Even for successful products it will be some time
before the cash flowing in will match all the cash which is flowing out and
that which has been paid out on research and development.

Answer 1

On the other hand, complex pedagogical approaches can be difficult to set up and slow to develop, though they have the potential to provide more engaging (прилагательное, определение) learning (герундий, определение) experiences for students. Somewhere between these extremes is an ideal pedagogy that allows a particular educator to effectively create educational materials while simultaneously providing (причастие I, обстоятельство) the most engaging (прилагательное, определение) educational experiences for students. Summary Marketing (существительное, подлежащее) can be defined as identifying (герундий, часть составного именного сказуемого) and meeting (герундий, часть составного именного сказуемого) consumers' wants profitably. It is not just selling (герундий, часть составного именного сказуемого), but the whole process of researching (герундий, определение) customer needs, designing (герундий, определение) the product, promoting (герундий, определение) the product, getting (герундий, определение) it into the hands of the consumer and ensuring (герундий, определение) that the cost of doing (герундий, определение) all this is less than the revenue. Customer wants are identified through market research. There are two main classifications of research: desk research and field research. Desk research is cheaper because it uses published material, perhaps already available in the firm, in trade magazines, in government statistics or from some other source. However, because it has been produced for some other purpose it may not provide the information a firm needs. Field research can be specifically commissioned, and therefore targeted to provide detailed information. An example of field research would be a consumer panel testing (отглагольное существительное, часть составного именного сказуемого) and commenting (отглагольное существительное, часть составного именного сказуемого) on a trial version of a product. Maturity Time Market research is the first stage of the product life cycle (see diagram above). Products go through various stages from introduction to growth to maturity and finally into decline. The length of time it takes a product to go through each stage varies. Some high-fashion products are designed to go through all the stages in just one season. Other products, for example cabbages, have been in the maturity stage for centuries. The vast majority of ideas which firms come up with never get out of the development stage. This is because firms have decided either that there is no market for them or that they cannot satisfy the market profitably. The early stages of the product life cycle are expensive: paying for research, prototypes and machines, training workers, advertising, etc., while at the same time the product is not generating (причастие I, часть составного глагольного сказуемого) any revenue. During (предлог) the introduction stage sales will hopefully take off, but marketing (подлежащее) will still be expensive and production costs will always be incurred. Even for successful products it will be some time before the cash flowing (причастие I, определение) in will match all the cash which is flowing (причастие, часть составного глагольного сказуемого) out and that which has been paid out on research and development.