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Computers are devices that are used to carry out tasks that people want done in a more efficient and usually faster way than can be done by the human brain. There are two types of computers, analog and digital. Analog are devices that require human operation like the tide predicting machine made by Sir William Thomson, and digital is like a personal computer, which uses a series of codes and programmes to calculate data. Actually, the first computers were people! That is, electronic computers were given this name because they performed the work that had previously been assigned to people. The word "computer" was first recorded as being used in 1613 and originally was used to describe a human who performed calculations or computations. It was in 1833 when the first programmable computer was designed by Charles Babbage, who was an English mechanical engineer. The machine was about a century ahead of its time. His computer had all the components of a modern computer, but he never completed one, his son managed to finish it in 1888 as well as demonstrate its use in computing tables in 1906. Although it wasn't until 120 years later that the first modern computers were invented, which were still completely different from the modern day computers. These first computers were huge and took up an entire room. The beginnings of computers as we know them happened in 1980. Nowadays a computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process this data. People use computers for a number of reasons: to type and print documents, send emails, and browse the Web, or just play games, and so much more. Computers can also be used to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos. However the first computers weren't so fancy. One of the earliest machines designed to assist people in calculations was the abacus, which is still being used some 5000 years after its invention. It was made of string and beads. Its only purpose was to count and keep track of money and other things. In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented an adding machine based on mechanical gears with which humbers were represented by the cogs on the wheels.As science progressed in the first half of the 20th century, so too did the need for more sophisticated computers. During the past few decades computer and electronic technologies have advanced significantly. The machines have been incorporated into almost every aspect of society. They now play a role in how we learn, how we travel, how we are entertained, and how we actually work. Today computers are an inseparable part of many people's lives and jobs and are likely to continue to be tools that we rely on. Now computers are everywhere, and everyone is always carrying a small computer in their pockets, commonly known as a cell phone.​

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Ответ:

1. Кем были созданы и в каком году Java кодировки для компьютеров?

2. Когда начали появляться первые простейшие программы и кодировки для вычислительной работы компьютера?

3.Как люди смогли упростить устройство как компьютер и как им удалось уменьшить в размерах , но увеличить работоспособность и память устройства?