Question

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
Интенсивные усилия; увеличить надежность; увеличить параметры;
уменьшить размер и стоимость; вряд ли кто-нибудь мог прогнозировать;
количественные и качественные изменения; область науки;
пленочная технология; полупроводниковый метод; сокращать элементы
схемы; суть миниатюризации в том, что; создать схемы с долгим
сроком службы; чрезвычайно высокая скорость реакции; чем меньше,
тем быстрее; преимущество; расходовать энергию; польза; уменьшение
расстояния между элементами схемы; большая интегральная схема;
микроволновая интегральная схема; волновод; линия передач;
смещать; изображение схем; расширять возможности человека.

Текст:

The intensive effort of electronics to increase the reliability and performance
of its products while reducing their size and cost led to the results
that hardly anyone could predict. The evolution of electronic technology is
sometimes called a revolution: a quantitative change in technology gave rise
to qualitative change in human capabilities. There appeared a new branch of
science — microelectronics.
Microelectronics embraces electronics connected with the realization
of electronic circuits, systems, and subsystems from very small electronic devices.
Microelectronics is a name for extremely small electronic components
and circuit assemblies, made by film or semiconductor techniques. A microelectronic
technology reduced transistors and other circuit elements to
dimensions almost invisible to unaided eye. The point of this extraordinary
miniaturization is to make circuits long-lasting, low in cost, and capable of
performing electronic functions at extremely high speed. It is known that the
speed of response depends on the size of transistor: the smaller the transistor,
the faster it is. The smaller the computer, the faster it can work.
One more advantage of microelectronics is that smaller devices consume
less power. In space satellites and spaceships this is a very important factor.
Another benefit resulting from microelectronics is the reduction of distances
between circuit components. Packing density increased with the appearance
of small-scale integrated circuit, medium-scale IC, large-scale IC
and very-large-scale IC. The change in scale was measured by the number
of transistors on a chip. There appeared a new type of integrated circuits,
microwave integrated circuit. The evolution of microwave IC began with
the development of planar transmission lines.Then new IC components in
a fineline transmission line appeared. Other more exotic techniques, such as
dielectric waveguide integrated circuits emerged.
Microelectronic technique is continuing to displace other modes. Circuit
patterns are being formed with radiation having wavelength shorter than
those of light.
Electronics has extended man’s intellectual power. Microelectronics
extends that power still further.

Answer 1

Ответ:

the intensive effort(s)

to increase the reliability

to increase performance

to reduce size and cost

hardly anyone could predict

quantitative and qualitive changes

a branch of science

film technique

semiconductor technique

reduce circuit elements

the point of the miniaturization is to

to make circuits long-lasting

extremely high speed

the smaller -the faster

advantage of

to consume power

benefit

the reduction of distances between circuit components

large-scale IC

microwave integrated circuit

waveguide

Transmission line

to displace

circuit patterns

extend man’s intellectual power

Объяснение: