Question

Text A
Infection means invasion of the body by microorganisms which are harmful. The most common sources of infection in medical prac¬tice are direct contact with a patient's blood and saliva, consequently instruments and equipment used in the treatment become contami¬nated. If no action were taken infection may enter the body through skin cuts or abrasions or the eyes, it may also be swallowed. Infection from the contamination would be passed on from patient to patient, from patient to staff and from staff to patient. This involvement is called cross-infection.
Even ancient people taught that body's first line of defence against infection was an intact surface, e.g. the outer layer of skin and the protective outer layer of mucous membrane. If infection had passed it the second line of defence started its action. It was the liquid secre-tion produced by the protective surfaces. The mucous membrane and the salivary glands had produced saliva which neutralized some bacte¬rial poisons and could kill some microorganisms. Tears and sweat had a similar effect. The acidity of gastric juice killed many bacteria in food. The third line of defence is discovered now. It is immunity.
And we also know that if these defence mechanisms fail to prevent infection, the last line of defence is a response by the body called in¬flammation.

Exercise 1. Find in the text English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:

1. означати
2. кров та слина пацієнта
3. через порізи на шкірі
4. ковтати
5. зовнішній шар слизової оболонки
6. продукована захисною поверхнею
7. отрути, що виробляються бактеріями
8. шлунковий сік
9. їжа
10. реакція у відповідь

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

означати - mean

кров та слина пацієнта - patient's blood and saliva

через порізи на шкірі - through skin cuts

ковтати - swallow

зовнішній шар слизової оболонки - outer layer of mucous membrane

продукована захисною поверхнею - produced by the protective surfaces

отрути, що виробляються бактеріями - bacterial poisons

шлунковий сік - gastric juice

їжа - food

реакція у відповідь - response