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The cells of the human body require a constant stream of oxygen to stay alive. The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body’s cells by removing carbon dioxide. The respiratory system is responsible for the respiration, the process by which our organism exchanges gases with its environment. The act of breathing with the lungs is called ventilation and includes inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out).
Structurally the respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, the pharynx, the larynx, and the epiglottis. The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, two bronchi, the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.
The nose humidifies, warms, and filters inspired air. The nose and nasal cavity form the main external opening for the respiratory system.
The mouth or the oral cavity is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a muscular funnel. It extends from the nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.
The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a short section between the pharynx and trachea.
The trachea is a tube which extends from the base of the larynx to the lungs, where it divides into two bronchi.
The bronchi are two tubes which begin at the trachea. The left bronchus is longer than the right one as it passes around the heart to reach the left lung. Each bronchus leads into a lung. In the lungs, the bronchi divide into bronchioles. The bronchioles end in fine alveolar ducts leading to the alveoli.
The alveoli, or air sacs, are the ends of the air passages. Each alveolus is closely surrounded by blood capillaries.
The lungs are paired, spongy organs located in the chest. They are roughly cone shaped, with an apex, base, three surfaces and three borders. They are not identical in shape and size. The left lung is smaller than the right one because it shares space in the chest with the heart. They are divided into lobes - the right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes. The vital capacity of the lungs in the adult is about 3-4 liters.

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Summary:

The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of gases, providing oxygen to the body's cells and eliminating carbon dioxide. It encompasses the upper and lower respiratory tracts, including structures like the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Inhalation and exhalation form part of the ventilation process. Essential components like the alveoli, small sacs surrounded by blood capillaries, facilitate gas exchange. Lungs, located in the chest, are spongy organs with distinct lobes and a vital capacity of 3-4 liters in adults.