Question

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For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only one word in each gap.
The world's first cities
Archaeological research (9)
shown that the Sumerians established the world's first cities in
Mesopotamia, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East.
They learnt to control the flooding of the two rivers and (10)_
able to grow crops such as
barley, wheat and sesame, and many different kinds of fruit and vegetables. As a result, they had a constant
food supply. Thus, people could settle (11).
in one place and, eventually, settlements that
(12)
been little villages grew into self-governing city-states.
At the centre of each city-state (13).
a religious temple surrounded (14)
law courts and public buildings. The homes of the most important people, such as priests and merchants, were
closest to the centre; then came the homes of government officials, shopkeepers, and craftsmen, and, finally, the
homes of the lower classes (15).
farmers, unskilled workers, and fishermen.
The city-state also included the fertile farming land outside the city wall. Each city-state was
(16)
pressure to protect its farming land from invaders, who were usually neighbouring
city-states. The citizens had to defend themselves and protect their cities. Without a(n) doubt, this led to the
establishment of the first organised armies.

Answer 1

Ответ:

9. has

10. were

11. permanently

12. had

13. was

14. by

15. like

16. under